Carcassone

left Francois Gardeley De Soos farm and took a detour to the medieval city of Carcassonne...well what a place. Like robin hood on steroids...the most magnificent fortified castle with a city within on a hill....the scale of the place was extraordinary. Spent a cple of hours having a good look around. The pics say it all

Then travelled to nr Beziers in the dark for a meeting on a farm on Monday. Another nite in a F1 hotel cell……..they all look the same!

Domaine Mazy

Sunday spent the morning walking the farm with François and his son Martan looking at agroforestry with chestnut, cherry, walnut, almond, persimmon, plumb and honey locust trees with cereals and forage in alleys. he also has agroforestry in his vineyard which is excellent...and the wine from the vines is also fab!. He has applied many ecological and permaculture principles to field scale farming with impressive results.

spent 3 hrs walking the farm looking at afgroforestry. Ate grapes from the vines and fresh almonds from the trees. Noted that the grape pipe and shrived skins make excellent soil conditioners added back to the soil. Looked at olives and 200 year old mulbury trees being renovated for silk production. Was impressed by honey locust trees and lucerene ‘bushes’ – could be a useful under storey shrub in agroforestry.!!

They also have a Neolithic monument on the farm which is a French National heritage site. Apparently the Romans nicked half the stone to build houses!!!!...but they did bring grape vines in rtn I guess.

Then we had a full Sunday 5 course meal with the family 'al fresco' on a large table in the courtyard in the sun and 22 degrees warmth in late october...fab!. A comment from his wife was that ‘we were both in bliss talking about agroforestry which we are both passionate about’

Montpellier research INRA

Sat 28^th Oct

Sat had a long drive to north of montpellier to visit the INRA Vezenobres research site and to meet Fabien Liagre of AGROOF which was fab. v interesting long term agroforestry research with poplar and alley crops of cereals. Adjacent a farmer has adapted his agroforestry and used the trees as supports for overhead irrigation for organic vegetable production in the alleys between the trees....very novel!

Had a great lunch with Fabien Ligare at the medieval city of Vezenobres where they were having a 'festival of the fig' so had lunch with fig aperitif, fig and meat stew, fig desert and of course van rouge (but no figs!). we discussed research and technology transfer to farmers, farmer led research and policy in depth....seems there are many things we can collaborate on and look forward to developing a relationship.

Sat afternoon travelled towards montpellier and met Liddie Durfour from INRA at the Restinclieres research site, the main agroforestry research site in France, looked at the tree rows and species and controls with woodland. the impressive work is all the comparative analysis and modelling but also the root work with huge soil pits to measure root extension and growth as influenced by agroforestry. fantastic. These show that not only do trees in agroforestry root differently by putting roots down deeper (and thus more able to withstand wind/drought pressure) but that tree root paterns are modified by the alley cropping and root sytems can be up to 30% more extensive than under forestry conditions = more carbon!

After visiting the two research site made a quick stop at Montepllier to look at tye ‘Agro voltaic’ research – basically a framework which allows crops to be grown underneath and tractors/combines to be use beneath – fitted with different densities of PV panels to capture sun and generate electricity…two crops in one!. At a 50% density covering with PV panels little effect on crop performance put additional income from generation…..watch EDF Whitehall farm is gearing up!

Sat evening travled for 2.5 hrs by road to nr Carcassone to meet Francior Gardeley De Sous at his Massion du Mazzy. arrived late at 8pm in the dark but treated to a loveley supper and discussed agroforestry till started to nod off!....good sleep.

Gers Auch Policy and trees

Wed 19 Oct
Departed Bordeax for a long drive south. Wet weather front with plenty of rain meaing that the scenery rather obscured by rain and driving conditions less than ideal - but a good day for travel rather than being in the field. 4.5 hours later I arrive in the region of Gers to the town of Auch to meet Alain Canet.
Almost immidiatley I know I have met a kindrid spirit. ALain is passionate about agroforestry and is a 'do-er' - he has taken it ouon himself to create the larger and more active of the two agroforestry associations in Fr and travels extensively talking to high level politicians about AF and incusion in policy. I suspect in many ways the succes of Fr AF is down to his drive and passion suported by INRA research.
How did I fin this out - well in typical french fashion - on arrival the first thing on the agenda, lunch - not a quick sandwich but reasturant, tapas  and salad starters (fab), beef and veg (wonderful), fromage course (great) and creme caramell desert (yummy) followed by coffee and of course the obligatory van rouge throughout......nothing special or extraordinary for the french just normasl fab food and time spent eating and talking...amazingly the plat des jour for only Euro10...£8!!!!!! each + van rouge of course.

So in the afternoon we visited the 'Arbe & Pasage 32' offices *Trees in the landscape region 32..  The organisation has ' association' status with government. it has no core funding and only gets income from advisory work for designing and implementing AF so is semi ortonomal but driven by gov policy etc. In france there are 22 regions and 100 departments (area 32 is one department - Gers is a regions). within the area 32 there are over 500 communities or i gues a UK equavalent is a parish. so lots to go at. some 250 plus farms in the region of Gers with agroforestry.
Gov support funds treee establishment to c. 70% with 30% contribution from farmer. Goiv policy recognises the multifunctional benefits of AF and has emraced adoption and advisory support etc. A current focus is working with the departemnt of transport for tre establihment on verges and along roads for pollution capture (water and air) and carbon sequestration as well as landscape benefits.
Looked that the process of design and accounting which is all Pc automated - very slick. also looked at many pics and publications on AF and discuissed ways of sharing this on an EU basis - although translatioin required.
During the afternoon looked around the town of AUch for an hour with Alain plus a cpl of coffe stops en route....The evening was spent at Alains house with wife and daughter discussing AF policy further and consuming 'Duck en confit' plus van rouge an ice creme....yum......

French connections 15-16 Oct 2011

France – part 2 of European Nuffield tour

15 October

Harrietts birthday went well with a birthday part ay pizza express and 9 very loud 9 yr olds!....after putting the children to bed I set of for the 2.5hr drive to Folkstone, Kent. Arrived late evening and stayed in a travel lodge overnight.

16 October

Jus son frontier!

Early rise to -2 deg C and having to scrape the ice from the windscreen of the car – first hard autumn frost of the year! Departed for the Eurotunnel and arrived 7.40am only to be waved straight on to an early train departing 8am (not my planned 8.50am). drive straight on, park, listen to the announcements, watch the partition doors close and we are off…32 mins later we are in France!...fantastic service. Depart Calais and immediately you notice how quiet the roads are in France.

I drove for an hour for so and stopped at the ‘Somme’ to look at a graveyard and grap a cup of tea. You get the feeling amongst to undulating open fields that this must have been a terrible place during a battle.  I then drove across the plains of Normandy. Which all looked green and bountiful after recent rains.

From north Normandy through Rouen and on to le Mans was an easy journey on the ‘payage’ toll roads but expensive having spent over £40 on tolls today! Also a little awkward at toll booths in a right hand drive car with the ticket/pay machine on the left…pull up, jump out the car and get ticket etc without trying to piss the Frenchman behind you off too much!

After le Mans travelling south its notable how much drier it became with grass green turning  to brown. Stopped i9n a picnic place for 40 mins fo0r as roadside late lunch and a rest and it was nice to feel the warm sun on my back whilst eating lunch. Travelled further south into the Loire valley and over the Loire rive. Notable to see lots of apple orchards – home of the French golden delicious that put the UK apple industry into massive decline in the 1980’s. also lots of vineyards.

Arrived Beaupereu in good time but the trusty Tom Tom could not locate the address so I phoned my host Yves Gabory. His wife valarie came to meet me and I stayed put at the supermarche car ark. Followed her home to a nice 150yr old  farm house which they are still renovating.

Valarie Gabory and the children entertained me and chuckled at my poor French but we got along fine. Yves was delayed as he was running an agroforestry exhibition at an agricultural show. Yves is the director of the Bocarge on agroforestry one of two national agroforestry associations in france.

Around an evening dinner of roast chicken, potatoes and salads we chatted and exchanged stories and experiences. I think the van rouge sand the Calvados helped as well!!!. Yves & Valarie were so hospitable and made me feel very welcome.

Monday 17^th Oct

Monks, trees and chateau’s

Awoke early to a cold and misty morning. Breakfast with the Gabory’s and an early departure to Yves office to collect a colleague. Yves is a director of the Bocarage agroforestry association of France. There are two associations in france and they don’t always agree on things….The operate x1 extension officer per 7-8 villages, and they for m a network of x100+ officers throughout France.

Yves has mad a submission to Dacian Calios and the EU for inclusion of agroforestry into pillar I of the CAP as well as Pillar II. He has asked me to look over the proposal and give him feedback..

We visited the ‘Abbey Bell Fontaine’ a 80ha organic farm around a monastery. All the food grown is for the monks and a small farm market. The agroforestry is impressive with c.45ha under agroforstry using oak, lime, birch, poplar, Noyer |(black walnut)  etc planted in rows 30-52m apart creating 2.5ha alleys. The farm is in organic conversion (2 yrs) and has been planted to clover and Lucerne as fertility building.

The farm will use the trees for biomass woodchip production and they have an impressive wood chip heating system. The building its housed in has a very clever sliding roof to allow larger tractors/ trucks tip loads etc. The farms agroforestry is overlooked by a magnificent tower.

Some interesting use of over winter green manure mixtures of oats and phacelia.

Late morning I set of on a road trip south east to Poitiers and on to my next host. The journey was easy going but slow at times on a more cross country route but through some large open arable landscapes nr Poitiers. Stopped for some lunch (sandwich) at the town of Chauvignywith an ancient bastile fortified town centre.

Just after lunch I arrived at the farm of Gilles Corou. A fantastic C17 chateau. I was treated to a hot chicken meal with van rouge and we discussed agrofotrestry and also that we had both worked in agricultural development in Africa.

In the afternoon visited the farm and looked at alley cropping of oak, sweet chestnut, peasr, apple, black walnut, elm and cedar.

On part of the farm the agroforestry is interplsanted with alley crops of what/OSR etc but on other areas it is set-aside. With changed regulations he does not see the pressure to cereal crop in between on the poorer soils on the farm.

In another agroforestry plantation the farm has 500 trees with Truffles underneath. ‘black gold’ I think is the correct translation!!!!

I was treated ti an excellent meal of duck, beans, rice, fromsge and of course van rouge!!!!. We talked for a cple of hours on soil biology, Africa, agroforestry and policy….dictionaries Fr:English and visa versa in constant use!!

Tues 17^th Oct

Breakfast with Gilles Corou in the dining room – very grand. A mist and autumnal morning. I departed by 8am for a 2.5hr drive to Les Eduts nr the coast and a visit to Claude Jollet.

Claude is truly the pioneer of agroforestry in France having established his first system between 1970 and 1974 with black wallnut and sweet chestnut. He farms 190ha of land which is split 150ha arable with 40ha under agoforestry trees spaced at 14m row spacings with 12m alleys and 10m between walnut trees. The trees are now very large and very impressive. There is some shading because of the E:W orientation which he admits is not ideal but crop yields are respectable at 8-9t/ha for wheat. In the alleys he operates a roptation of red clover or vetch for 1-2 yrs as green manure then wheat, barley, sunflower. He is nort organic an sprays of the clover with glyposate for crop entry.

The meeting was rather challenging as claude speaks no English and my French is rather shoolboy in nature. However the combination of agricultural language, drawings and google trqanslate in the office won out and we had an enjoyable and informative exchange. Claude like us has limited equipment choosing to use contractors for most work and just owning the specialist equipment – like his self propelled nut harvester which looks like the mother of all pooper scoopers and is a fantastic piece of kit.

Had a wonderful dejinier at a local inn of salad starter, roast pork and veg, crème Brulee coffee and of course van rouge……..but only a bit as lots of driving to do etc.

Wished Claude well and departed south, driving through Cognac and through many vineyards to Bordeaux...even some of the rounderbouts have vines on them...every bit of space used for wine etc....although i guess this is chateau 'Fumes'....!!!!

more soon

RSPB visit whitehall farm

The RSPB agriculture policy team spend much of their time in meetings in Defra offices, sat at desks, or on trains to Brussels. So we gave them the opportunity to get out on farm and talk to farmers with a visit to Whitehall Farm in Peterborough.
The team works on a number of farming and environment issues, including agri-environment, ways to support more sustainable agriculture, reform of the CAP and livestock issues. RSPB often hear through their advisors and through letters from farmers how much many of them support or rely on agri-environment schemes, and it is wonderful to get the opportunity to see policy being put into practice, and farmers embracing the concept of agri-environment and delivering public benefits alongside their farming operation.
RSPB though that Whitehall farm is a fascinating site.  A commercial organic operation, it is unique in the region in its use of agro-forestry. RSPB commented that rows of young apple trees bordered on both sides with pollen and nectar strips, with a 24m 'field' left between rows for the rotational crops were quite a sight to see. The concept is that the fruit trees will provide an additional valuable crop each year, from the same area of land used for cropping. The crop and the trees require resources at different times of the year, as they have different growing cycles (and different harvest times). Could this approach become a more common farmland view in future? RSPB are looking  forward to hearing how the system performs at Whitehall farm.
They also had interest in the farm's HLS agreement, granted largely for the farm's farmland bird interest. The farm provides not only the pollen and nectar strips to provide insects in spring time, but also wild bird seed mixtures to provide farmland birds with over winter food. The farm boasts a wide variety of farmland birds which are declining in the wider countryside.
We think th team had a great day, which resulted in a lot of food for thought for the team as they returned once more to their desks. We welconme them back anytime.

Whitehall Agroforestry

30th June 2011
After a morning of presentations at Holmewood hall on Agroforestry, we opend the doors of Whithall farm to host the UK's Farm Woodland Forum for the afternoon, hosting some 40 people.
I hope that they found teh afternoon interesting and stimulating. Certailny the commonets were positive and I think it was refreshing for many to see a commercial agroforestry site rather than one established for research. I guess time will tell as to how the word spreads about what we are doing with Agroforestry at Whitehall Farm.